我室孔道春实验室阐明真核细胞岗崎片段加工成熟的分子机制
岗崎片段(Okazaki fragments)的发现已经过去50多年了,但真核细胞岗崎片段加工的分子机制一直没有得到最终确定。人细胞的一次生长分裂,大约合成5 x 107岗崎片段。一个岗崎片段的平均大小约是125 nt,它的5‘端含有~34核苷酸的RNA-DNA引物。这段引物是由低保真的primase-DNA pol α 合成。为了能让岗崎片段连接起来形成一个连续的后随DNA链(lagging strand),这个RNA-DNA引物必须要从每一个岗崎片段里切除掉。所以,岗崎片段加工是细胞里DNA transactions最丰富的事件,而且它直接关系到基因组的稳定性。
为什么真核细胞岗崎片段加工的分子机制一直不能被确定呢?主要有两个原因:1)缺乏能在体内直接检测去除~34核苷酸的RNA-DNA引物的方法;2)应该有多个酶参与去除RNA-DNA引物,它们之间存在一定程度的功能互补,导致无法明确的确定哪些酶参与岗崎片段加工。以前,岗崎片段加工的分子机制研究主要是在体外进行的,再加上一些有限的遗传学分析。经过三十年的研究,提出了可能存在的加工岗崎片段的途径,但不同实验室有非常不同的观点。由于缺乏体内的直接证据,真核细胞去除岗崎片段上RNA-DNA引物的分子机制一直无法最终确定(Kao & Bambara (2003) The protein components and mechanism of eukaryotic Okazaki fragment maturation. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol.38, 433-452)。

岗崎片段加工机制的模型图
孔道春教授研究组发展了一种体内直接检测去除RNA-DNA引物的方法。他们首次用电镜观察到了复制叉里的翘起结构(flap structure),证明了翘起结构的存在;并进一步证明这个翘起结构来自于RNA-DNA引物。他们证明真核细胞用两种方法去除RNA-DNA引物:Flap切割途径(Flap pathway)和外切酶途径(Exonucleolytic pathway)。Flap pathway可再分为long flap pathway及short flap pathway,他们进一步确定Dna2, Fen1, Exo1, RNase H2参与这些途径。由此,真核细胞岗崎片段加工成熟的分子机制得到最终阐明。文章发表在Journal of Biological Chemistry,292:4777-4788, March 24, 2017.
原文链接:http://www.jbc.org/content/292/12/4777.abstract
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- 我室孔道春实验室阐明真核细胞岗崎片段加工成熟的分子机制2017.05.04